[ ability of H2O2 to induce differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes]

Background and Aim: Cartilage disorders may deteriorate following oxidative stress injuries affecting mature chondrocytes. Meantime, mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] can differentiate into chondrocytes in the presence of oxidative conditions and act as a source of compensation for injured chondrocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of H2O2 on MSCs differentiation into chondrocytes in order to cast light on the dual roles of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diseases

Materials and Methods: Human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from abdominal adipose tissue of three different donors and cultured in the presence of 50 microM H2O2 in order to differentiate into chondrocytes. We determined cell viability by tetrazolium assay and measured reactive oxygen species [ROS] level by flow cytometry. Presence of glycoseaminoglycans was confirmed by safranin staining

Results: The percentage of cells containing ROS was significantly higher in the cells treated with hydrogen peroxide [29.2% +/- 1] compared to that in the untreated control cells [7.7% +/- 1.4]. A significant increase in glycoseaminoglycan content was observed in H2O2 treated cells compared to that in the control cells both on the 9[th] day [treated: 1.57×104 +/- 0.1 vs control: 0.91×104 +/- 0.09] and 21[st] day [treated: 2.87×104 +/- 0.2 vs control: 0.96×104 +/- 0.07]. In addition, comparison of glycoseaminoglycan content on the 9[th] and 21[st] days showed a significantly higher content in both treated and control cells on the 21[st] day [p<0.05]

Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide resulted in increased differentiation of adipose tissue-derived MSCs into chondrocytes. Therefore, we concluded that, oxidative stress had positive role in the induction of chondrocyte differentiation

[Assessment of relationship between characteristics of psychiatric patients escaping from Razi psychiatric hospital]

Introduction: Absconding patients from psychiatric ward is common phenomenon that causes many consequences for community and patient. In order to decrease rate of absconding, it is necessary to know the related factors leading to this event. Thus, this study was conducted at Razi Psychiatric Hospital to determine the related factors leading to absconding of psychiatric patients from Razi Psychiatric Hospital

Methods: In this descriptive study, 117 patients' files were utilized to study by nonrandomized sampling. For data gathering, a questionnaire made by a researcher with approved validity and reliability was utilized and then SPSS has been used to analyze the data

Results: Results indicated that demographic factors such as genders, age, marital status, place of living, education and social factors such as occupational, family role of patient, supportive systems, referral organization and disorder related factors likes psychiatric diagnosis, drug abuse history, absconding history, length of hospitalization, history of re hospitalization in psychiatric units, exit permission, place of absconding, kinds of treatment and factors related to the time of absconding such as time and shift rotation had significant relationship with the rate of absconding

Conclusion: Most demographic, social, disorders factors and also time of absconding had significant correlation with the rate of absconding which is similar to other studies results. Therefore, it can be concluded that absconding preventive plans in psychiatric units can lead to much decrease in the rate of absconding

[Comparison of dental and chronological ages in early diagnosis of maxillary canine palatal impaction]

There are different views about the optimal time for detection and prevention of maxillary canine impaction. With respect to the large individual variation in the timing of eruption of the teeth, it seems reasonable not to consider chronological age as a valid criterion in this regard. The aim of this study was to compare dental and chronological ages in the diagnosis of potential maxillary canine impaction. This analytical cross-sectional study was done on 2704 students aged 10-11 year in Mashhad. In the first group [1232 children], all of the children whose maxillary canine bulges were not palpable were suspected with impaction and referred for radiographic examination. In the second group [1472 children], the children whose canine bulges were not palpable were referred for radiographic examination if only the first premolars had erupted or were erupting. The condition of the lateral incisor teeth was inspected in children suspected with impaction. The data were analyzed by comparing the proportion of success and Fisher's exact test. From the children examined in the first group, 9.3% and from those examined in the second group, 5.5% were suspected with impaction in the clinical examinations. The application of dental age reduced the number of referrals for radiographic examination significantly [p <0.05]. There was an association between palatal position of the maxillary canines and anomalous lateral incisors [p <0.05]. Consideration of chronological age in early diagnosis of maxillary canine impaction may result in unnecessary radiographic examination. The number of referrals for radiographic examination will be significantly reduced when the developmental stage of dentition is considered

[Knowledge and attitudes of dental students and academic staffs towards internet usage in dental training in Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences]

Since early 1990's, internet has been used to train medical and dental students and practitioners. The aim of this study was to evaluate attitudes and believes of dental students and academic staffs towards internet usage in dental training in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, 305 dental students and 79 academic staffs were evaluated. The questionnaire consisted of some questions to record the demographic data, along with 14 close-ended 3 open-ended and 1 composed questions. The scales of questions were nominal or ordinal, as indicated. Ninety-two percent of students had access to computer and 93.4% to internet. These rates were 98.7% and 97.5% respectively among academic staff. Both groups frequently accessed the internet at university and home. Only 15.1% of students and 6.3% of academic staff were unsatisfied regarding the accuracy of information on the internet about dentistry. The academic staffs were believed more strongly in favor of the possible usefulness of access to lecture notes on the dental school website than students. Nevertheless this group more strongly believed that this possibility may reduce student attendance at lecture. Access rate to internet is satisfactory among both dental students and their teachers. Also, both groups had relatively positive attitude towards using internet for dental training

Prevalence of sexual dysfunction and related factors among married couples in Qazvin

Sexual health is part of psychological health and the occurrence of any sexual health associated disorder could have profound effect on physical health. More than half of the cases of sexual problems which can destroy the marital relationship and family life originate from lack of knowledge or insufficient awareness and incorrect attitude toward the sexual relationship. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and related factor of sexual dysfunction among married couples in Qazvin. This was a descriptive-analytic study performed on 350 men and women aged between 20-50 years in 2008. The cases were selected through a clustered, random sampling. Based on our results, more women [93.1%] reported sexual dysfunction compared to men [80.6%]. Among men,%43.4 suffered premature ejaculation. The most common type of sexual dysfunction in women was the lack of orgasm and 62.4% of women had poor sexual desire. There were factors that might have affected the men and women's sexual response. The most common factors frequently found in men were the occurrence of stress and anxiety during sexual intercourse [%38.9], while in women it was dysparonia [35.7%] or experience of pain during intercourse as the most common cause of poor sexual response. Sexual health disturbances are common among many couples in Qazvin. The multifaceted character of sexual dysfunctions makes it an important topic for adult sexuality education and counseling. As the sexual dysfunction has intense negative effects on psychological health of the family, the health authorities are recommended to develop more educational programs toward improving the situations

[ in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of NaCIO and chlorhexidine as intracanal irrigants on streptococcus faecalis]

Today most of endodontic treatments are successful and just a low percentage of them may lead to failure. This failure may be due to remaining necrotic and infected agents in root canal system which is because of the complex anatomy of root canal and the rooms not available during mechanical and chemical cleaning. So use of chemical solutions for bacterial disinfection and necrotic agent removal is recommended. The aim of this study was to compare NaCIO Chlorhexidine and normal saline solutions in eradication of S. faecalis as a resistant bacteria in routine endodontic treatments. In this experimental and In vitro study 50 single canal human extracted teeth were selected we made conventional access cavities on all of them. Then, the teeth were divided into five equal groups randomly. Next, they were sterilized in autoclave. After that, we injected S. faecalis in root canals and put them in 37°C incubator for 36 hours. After bacterial growth a culture was prepared from each tooth to determine bacterial growth rate. Finally endodontic treatment was done on the teeth. Duration, method of filling and type of files were the same in groups but the type of chemical solution was different, [group 1: Saline, group 2: Chlorhexidine, group 3: NaCIO 2.5%, group 4: NaCIO 1%, group 5: NaCIO 5.25%]. Another culture was prepared after treatment. At last the number of colony forming units before and after treatment was compared with each other. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference among NaCIO [2.5%, 5.25] and other solutions in decreasing the number of bacteria in root canals after instrumentation. Normal saline, NaCIO 1% and Chlorhexidine solutions developed similar antimicrobial activities. Considering the results of this study, when we have limitations using NaCIO, we Can use Normal Saline as a safe material. In necrotic teeth, use of NaCIO 2.5% for better removal of organisms is recommended

[Accuracy rate of clinical diagnosis of disc displacement without reduction in temporomandibular joint using MRI]

Internal derangement [ID] of TMJ is the most common type of temporomandibular disorders after muscle disorders and includes all disorders related to incoordination and dislocation of disc and condyle. Anterior disc displacement without reduction or closed lock will happen if the disc or condyle displaces severely or if the disc traps in the space in front of the condyle accompanied with reduction in maximum mouth Opening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate reliability of clinical diagnosis of disc displacement without reduction [closed lock] by using magnetic resonance imaging as the Gold standard. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 10 patients who had referred to Dental school of Mashhad University with the symptoms of ID and were assigned a clinical diagnosis of disc displacement without reduction. Sagital and coronal MR images were obtained with 0.5 Tesla magnetic resonance system, with the jaw in closed and maximum opening position subsequently to establish the corresponding diagnosis of disc-condyle relationship. The data analysis included kappa statistic and calculation of positive predictive values and sensitivity. The overall diagnostic agreement for disc displacement without reduction was 0.22 with a corresponding kappa value. The predictive value for clinical diagnosis of disc displacement without reduction was 20% and the sensitivity was 100%. According to the results, clinical diagnostic criteria for disc displacement without reduction is not reliable and patients assigned clinical TMJ-related diagnosis of disc displacement without redaction may need to be supplemented by evidence from MRI to determine the functional disc - condyle relationship

[Prevalence of cardiac murmurs in clinically healthy horses of riding schools [Shiraz, Isfahan and Tehran]]

To determine the prevalence of cardiac murmurs in clinically healthy horses of riding schools [Shiraz, Isfahan and Tehran]. Field Study. Five hundred and twenty six horses [475 sporting and 51 non-sporting horses]. Horses were divided into: sporting horses [jumping, race, endurance, training], non-sporting horses [foals, pleasure] and two different age groups:>2 and 2 years old was significantly greater than horses 2 years old can be related with increase in the prevalence of systolic murmurs on the tricuspid valve. This finding may be due to the effect of training and occurrence of eccentric cardiac hypertrophy

[Quality of work life in nursing employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals]

Administrators have to pay attention to nurses as an important group among hospitals employees in order to have better patient outcomes. Recently, nurses' quality of work life is a new concept that attention to it can improve organizational efficiency. This research is to investigate the quality of work life of nurses at Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals in 2005-2006. This is a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted among 349 nursing employees. Data were gathered using a questionnaire consisted of 30 elements of QWL. The respondents were asked to determine their overall quality of work life. Validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using content validity and reliability was determined using test-retest method. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software package. The results showed that the majority of nurses were dissatisfied with environmental health and safety at work, monetary compensation and job welfare. There was significant correlation between the executive position of nurses, years of experience and their salary [P<0.05]. The study findings showed that nurses had a poor quality of work life. This indicates that majority of employees are unsatisfied with the most aspects of their quality of work life

Atrioventricular dissociation in a horse with clinical signs of colic

A horse presented to the large animal clinic with clinical signs of colic. Clinical examination was carried out and because of cardiac irregularity a base apex lead ECG was recorded. On the basis of criteria of normal rhythm, incomplete atrioventricular dissociation was diagnosed and its clinical significance was discussed

[Evaluation of the relationship between ferritin levels and pregnancy outcome]

Introduction: Prenatal care is performed in order to diagnose high risk cases, their special caring and prevention of pregnancy complication. Recent researches show a relationship between serum ferritin level and some complications like preterm delivery, and premature rupture of membranes etc. This study evaluates the relationship between serum ferritin level and outcome of pregnancy

Methods: This study was a descriptive and analytic prospective research which covered 267 pregnant women who refered to selected health centers of Isfahan. Data collection has been done by quesionnaires and interviews, prenatal documents and results of serum ferritin levels. Sampling was done by cluster random method. Samples of serum ferritin concentration were taken in 28-30 weeks of pregnancy. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytic tests [T-test and variance analysis]

Results: Data analysis showed serum ferritin concentration [in 28-30 weeks of pregnancy] according to 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 percentile as 8.6, 20.6, 12, 30.2, 42.5 ng/ml respectively. Samples were divided into six groups. Mean of serum ferritin levels in premature rupture of membrane cases were more than those with no PROM. On the basis of these results, a significant relationship between serum ferritin levels and PROM was seen

Discussion: The findings showed a relationship between serum ferritin level and PROM. So eventually high risk mothers exposed to PROM include mothers who suffer from asymptomatic genital tract infections can be recognized by detection of serum ferritin level within their pregnancy